Thyroid nodules are growths or lumps that form in the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck. These nodules can be either benign or malignant, with the majority being benign in nature. Thyroid nodules are a common condition, with nearly half of the population having them at some point in their lives, although most people are unaware of their presence because they often do not cause any symptoms. Research in the area of thyroid nodules focuses on identifying risk factors for the development of nodules, refining diagnostic tools for detecting and characterizing nodules, determining the best treatment options for nodules, and investigating the underlying causes of thyroid nodules, such as genetics or environmental factors. By better understanding thyroid nodules, researchers hope to improve the diagnosis and management of this common thyroid condition.